49. Fertilization, pregnancy, and lactation
49. Fertilization, pregnancy, and lactation
- Gillian Pocock, Gillian PocockSenior Lecturer in Clinical Science, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
- Christopher D. RichardsChristopher D. RichardsEmeritus Professor of Experimental Physiology, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- and David A. RichardsDavid A. RichardsAssociate Professor, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Husson University School of Pharmacy, Bangor, Maine, USA
Abstract
This chapter concentrates on the events surrounding fertilization, pregnancy, and parturition. It discusses the physiological changes that take place in the body of a pregnant woman during gestation and the physiology of lactation. Fertilization of an ovum requires that sperm are deposited high in the vagina of a woman close to the time of ovulation. Fertilization, except by artificial insemination, is achieved through the act of sexual intercourse. The chapter details how the penis of the male must become erect. Then the ejaculation of seminal fluid must occur within the vagina for successful fertilization to take place. The sexual response in both males and females can be divided into four main phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
