50. Fetal and neonatal physiology
50. Fetal and neonatal physiology
- Gillian Pocock, Gillian PocockSenior Lecturer in Clinical Science, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
- Christopher D. RichardsChristopher D. RichardsEmeritus Professor of Experimental Physiology, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- and David A. RichardsDavid A. RichardsAssociate Professor, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Husson University School of Pharmacy, Bangor, Maine, USA
Abstract
This chapter describes a fetus. A fetus totally dependent upon the placenta for gas exchange, nutrition, and waste disposal while it remains within the uterus of its mother. The chapter notes physiological changes that take place at, or soon after, birth. This enables a baby to make a successful transition from its intrauterine existence to a semi-independent air-breathing life. While the changes in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems that occur around the time of birth are of paramount importance to its survival, a number of other organs must also adapt at birth to the different requirements of extra-uterine life. The chapter highlights changes in the adrenal glands, kidneys, thermoregulatory tissues, and gastrointestinal tract. It examines important aspects of the physiology of the fetus and newborn and provides a simple account of the differentiation of the male and female reproductive systems.
