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Physical Chemistry: Quanta, Matter, and Change (Second Edition)

Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula, and Ronald Friedman

Front Matter
- Fundamental constants
- About the Book
- Using The Book
- Online Resource Centre
- Acknowledgements
- List of the Chemist’s Toolkits
FOCUS 1 ON Foundations
- Topic 1 Matter
- TOPIC 2 Energy
- TOPIC 3 Waves
- Mathematical background 1 Differentiation and integration
FOCUS 2 ON The principles of quantum mechanics
- Topic 4 The emergence of quantum theory
- TOPIC 5 The wavefunction
- TOPIC 6 Extracting information from the wavefunction
- TOPIC 7 Predicting the outcome of experiments
- TOPIC 8 The uncertainty principle
- Mathematical background 2 Differential equations
FOCUS 3 ON The quantum mechanics of motion
- Topic 9 Translational motion in one dimension
- TOPIC 10 Tunnelling
- TOPIC 11 Translational motion in several dimensions
- Topic 12 Vibrational motion
- Topic 13 Rotational motion in two dimensions
- TOPIC 14 Rotational motion in three dimensions
- Mathematical background 3 Complex numbers
FOCUS 4 ON Approximation methods
- TOPIC 15 Time-independent perturbation theory
- TOPIC 16 Transitions
FOCUS 5 Atomic structure and spectra
- TOPIC 17 Hydrogenic atoms
- TOPIC 18 Hydrogenic atomic orbitals
- TOPIC 19 Many-electron atoms
- Topic 20 Periodicity
- TOPIC 21 Atomic spectroscopy
- Mathematical background 4 Vectors
FOCUS 6 ON Molecular structure
- Topic 22 Valence-bond theory
- TOPIC 23 The principles of molecular orbital theory
- TOPIC 24 Homonuclear diatomic molecules
- TOPIC 25 Heteronuclear diatomic molecules
- TOPIC 26 Polyatomic molecules
- TOPIC 27 Self-consistent fields
- TOPIC 28 Semi-empirical methods
- TOPIC 29 Ab initio methods
- TOPIC 30 Density functional theory
- Mathematical background 5 Matrices
FOCUS 7 ON Molecular symmetry
- TOPIC 31 The analysis of molecular shape
- TOPIC 32 Group theory
- TOPIC 33 Applications of symmetry
FOCUS 8 ON Interactions
- TOPIC 34 Electric properties of molecules
- TOPIC 35 Interactions between molecules
- TOPIC 36 Real gases
- TOPIC 37 Crystal structure
- TOPIC 38 Bonding in solids
- TOPIC 39 Electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of solids
- Mathematical background 6 Fourier series and Fourier transforms
FOCUS 9 ON Molecular spectroscopy
- TOPIC 40 General features
- TOPIC 41 Molecular rotation
- TOPIC 42 Rotational spectroscopy
- TOPIC 43 Vibrational spectroscopy: diatomic molecules
- TOPIC 44 Vibrational spectroscopy: polyatomic molecules
- TOPIC 45 Electronic spectroscopy
- TOPIC 46 Decay of excited states
FOCUS 10 ON Magnetic resonance
- TOPIC 47 General principles
- TOPIC 48 Features of NMR spectra
- TOPIC 49 Pulse techniques in NMR
- TOPIC 50 Electron paramagnetic resonance
FOCUS 11 ON Statistical thermodynamics
- TOPIC 51 The Boltzmann distribution
- TOPIC 52 Molecular partition functions
- TOPIC 53 Molecular energies
- TOPIC 54 The canonical ensemble
- Mathematical background 7 Probability theory
FOCUS 12 The First Law of thermodynamics
- TOPIC 55 The First Law
- TOPIC 56 Enthalpy
- TOPIC 57 Thermochemistry
- TOPIC 58 Internal energy
- Mathematical background 8 Multivariate calculus
FOCUS 13 ON The Second and Third Laws of thermodynamics
- TOPIC 59 The Second Law
- TOPIC 60 The statistical entropy
- TOPIC 61 The thermodynamic entropy
- TOPIC 62 Entropy changes for specific processes
- TOPIC 63 The Third Law
- TOPIC 64 Spontaneous processes
- TOPIC 65 Standard Gibbs energies
- TOPIC 66 Combining the First and Second Laws
FOCUS 14 ON Physical equilibria
- TOPIC 67 Phase diagrams: one-component systems
- TOPIC 68 Phase diagrams: two-component systems
- TOPIC 69 Physical transformations
- TOPIC 70 Ideal mixtures
- TOPIC 71 Colligative properties
- TOPIC 72 Real solutions
FOCUS 15 ON Chemical equilibria
- TOPIC 73 Chemical transformations
- TOPIC 74 The statistical description of equilibrium
- TOPIC 75 The response of equilibria to the conditions
- TOPIC 76 Electrochemical cells
- TOPIC 77 Standard electrode potentials
FOCUS 16 ON Molecular motion
- TOPIC 78 The kinetic theory of gases
- TOPIC 79 Transport properties of gases
- TOPIC 80 Motion in liquids
- TOPIC 81 Diffusion
FOCUS 17 ON Chemical kinetics
- TOPIC 82 Reaction rates
- TOPIC 83 Integrated rate laws
- TOPIC 84 Reactions approaching equilibrium
- TOPIC 85 The Arrhenius equation
- TOPIC 86 Reaction mechanisms
FOCUS 18 ON reaction dynamics
- TOPIC 87 Collision theory
- TOPIC 88 Diffusion-controlled reactions
- TOPIC 89 Transition-state theory
- TOPIC 90 The dynamics of molecular collisions
FOCUS 19 ON Processes in fluid systems
- TOPIC 91 Unimolecular reactions
- TOPIC 92 Enzymes
- TOPIC 93 Photochemistry
- Topic 94 Electron transfer in homogeneous systems
FOCUS 20 ON Processes on solid surfaces
- Topic 95 Solid surfaces
- TOPIC 96 Adsorption and desorption
- Topic 97 Heterogeneous catalysis
End Matter
- Resource section
- Index

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Physical Chemistry: Quanta, Matter, and Change (Second Edition)

Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula, and Ronald Friedman

FOCUS 13 p. 593ON The Second and Third Laws of thermodynamics

Peter Atkins,
Julio de Paula
, and Ronald Friedman

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date: 20 March 2025

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Physical Chemistry: Quanta, Matter, and Change (Second Edition)

Contents

Physical Chemistry: Quanta, Matter, and Change (Second Edition)

FOCUS 13 p. 593ON The Second and Third Laws of thermodynamics

FOCUS 13 p. 593ON The Second and Third Laws of thermodynamics

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