Alicyclic Chemistry provides an overview of the study of non-aromatic organic compounds made up of one or more carbocyclic rings. Such compounds, which range from simple ring systems to complex bridged and polycyclic structures, provide a framework for the understanding of many concepts which underlie organic chemistry. The topics covered include a discussion of the stability and conformational behaviour of carbocyclic ring systems, and the factors which control the choice of synthetic methods and reactivity of such compounds. Many aspects of alicyclic chemistry provide an important framework for a proper understanding of the behaviour of organic molecules.
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Amino Acid and Peptide Synthesis introduces the study of amino acids and peptides, which is becoming increasingly important to chemists as a result of the growing overlap of mainstream organic chemistry with bioorganic chemistry and biochemistry. This introductory text begins with a brief survey of the role and diversity of amino acids, peptides, and proteins in nature, and goes on to describe and explain the principal methods of chemical synthesis.
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E. Hywel Evans and Mike E. Foulkes
Analytical Chemistry starts by defining the analytical approach in terms of a framework for dealing with problems. It then looks at sampling. The chapter that follows is about sample preparation. The text moves on after that to look at instrument measurement techniques. There follows a chapter on calibration and quantitation. The text also considers reference materials and standards. Next, it looks at sampling error. Finally, the book considers method validation and quality assurance.
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Hugh M. Cartwright
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry details the various applications of artificial intelligence in the chemical science fields. Artificial intelligence is not just about making machines think; it is also a powerful problem-solving tool. Many scientific problems can be solved only with difficulty using conventional methods, yet these same problems may be ideally suited to attack using artificial intelligence. The chapters cover artificial intelligence, artificial neural networks, expert systems, and genetic algorithms.
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Applied Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis has two main objectives: to provide an overview of the influence of organometallic chemistry on homogeneous and heterogenous catalysis, and to provide an account of the principle commercial applications of homogeneous catalysis in industry. The first chapter provides some background to the subject, looking at the vital role that catalysis plays in the production of fuels and pharmaceuticals, amongst other things. The next chapter covers mechanistic organometallic chemistry. Chapter Three is related to hydroformylation and related reactions. The chapter that follows examines acetic acid and acetyl chemicals. The next two chapters look at nylon intermediates: buta- 1,3-diene hydrocyanation and olefin oligomerization and polymerization. The final chapter is about fine chemicals manufacture.
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Alan G. Howard
Aquatic Environmental Chemistry covers the composition and underlying properties of both freshwater and marine systems and, within this framework, explains the effects of acidity, complexation, oxidation and reduction processes, and sedimentation. Equilibrium inorganic chemistry underlies the composition and properties of the aquatic environment and provides a sound basis for understanding both natural geochemical processes and the behaviour of inorganic pollutants in the environment. The format adopted for the book consists of two parallel columns. The inner column is the main body of the book and can be read on its own. The outer column is a source of useful secondary material where comments on the main text, explanations of unusual terms, and guidance through mathematical steps are to be found. A wide range of examples to explain the behaviour of inorganic species in freshwater and marine systems are used throughout.
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Robert de Levie
Aqueous Acid-Base Equilibria and Titrations uses new theoretical developments which have led to more generalized approaches to equilibrium problems; these approaches are often simpler than the approximations which they replace. Acid-base problems are readily addressed in terms of the proton condition, a convenient amalgam of the mass and charge constraints of the chemical system considered. The graphical approach of Bjerrum, Hȩgg, and Sillén is used to illustrate the orders of magnitude of the concentrations of the various species involved in chemical equilibria. Based on these concentrations, the proton condition can usually be simplified, often leading directly to the value of the pH. In the description of acid-base titrations, a general master equation is developed. The text provides a continuous and complete description of the entire titration curve, which can then be used for computer-based comparison with experimental data. Graphical estimates of the steepness of titration curves are also developed, from which the practicality of a given titration can be anticipated. Activity effects are described in detail, including their effect on titration curves. The discussion emphasizes the distinction between equilibrium constants and electrometric pH measurements, which are subject to activity corrections, and balance equations and spectroscopic pH measurements, which are not. Finally, an entire chapter is devoted to what the pH meter measures, and to the experimental and theoretical uncertainties involved.
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Malcolm Sainsbury
Aromatic Chemistry presents all the basic principles of this important topic in an account which takes as its examples many compounds of industrial and biological significance. Consideration is given to the structure, reactions, and properties of benzene and classes of aromatic compounds derived from it, and topics such as thermodynamic versus kinetic control and pericyclic reactions are introduced. The text also covers polycyclic arenes and the small and large ring systems which are embraced by the wider definition of aromaticity.
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David T. Davies
Aromatic Heterocyclic Chemistry argues that heterocyclic compounds are of prime importance to organic chemists working in the chemical industry. The emphasis of this text is on synthetic aspects rather than properties, and it covers the essential details and basic principles with reference to all the important classes of heterocyclic compounds. Instructional problems are included as an aid to comprehension, and references to more detailed texts are provided.
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Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula, and James Keeler
Physical Chemistry provides a comprehensive overview of this topic. It
starts off with looking into the properties of gases. It then covers the First, Second, and
Third Laws. Next it looks into physical transformations of pure substances, simple mixtures,
and chemical equilibrium. The text also considers quantum theory, atomic structure and
spectra, molecular structure, molecular symmetry, and molecular spectroscopy. There follows
a chapter about magnetic resonance. The text then looks at statistical thermodynamics. The
last quarter of the book considers molecular interactions, solids, molecules in motion,
chemical kinetic, and reaction dynamics. The last chapter covers processes at solid
surfaces.
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T. P. Softley
Atomic Spectra starts off by looking at quantum mechanics and the relationship of quantum mechanics with light. The next chapter considers the structure and spectrum of the hydrogen atoms. The text also covers the spectrum of the helium atom. Finally, the text examines the spectra of many-electron atoms.
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The Basis and Applications of Heterogeneous Catalysis covers a wide range of topics within this field. Catalysis is one of the most important technologies in our modern world. We depend on it to produce materials, such as plastics, from oil; we depend on it to produce fuel to power our cars; we depend on it to remove the pollutants emitted from the engines of those cars; we even depend on it for the functioning and growth of our own bodies. It is therefore highly important that we ask ourselves the question, 'What is catalysis?' This book does exactly that, concentrating on the most important type of catalysis for industry, namely heterogeneous catalysis. The book is split into three sections, dealing with the fundamentals of adsorption and reaction at surfaces, the nature of heterogeneous catalysts and their synthesis, and the applications of this technology in the modern world.
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Robert S. Ward
Bifunctional Compounds outlines some of the methods used to prepare bifunctional compounds and then surveys the chemistry of some of the more important classes. Most important organic molecules contain more than one functional group, and very often the interaction between these groups determines the chemical and biological behaviour of the compounds. Individual chapters look at the preparation of bifunctional compounds, reactions of dienes, of diols, of hydroxy- and aminocarbonyl compounds, of dicarbonyl compounds, and of unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The text also covers enamines, enol ethers, enolates, allyl compounds, and cyclization and polymerization.
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David E. Fenton
Biocoordination Chemistry introduces this field. The role of the transition metals in biological systems is of great interest to chemists: the chemical properties of these metals often define the biological function of the proteins and systems these metals are found in. This book introduces a number of topics: the transport and storage of metals, their functions in dioxygen interactions, electron-transfer, and enzyme activity; the therapeutic uses of coordination compounds; and the role that small-molecule models can play in advancing our knowledge of the structure and function of transition metals contained in metallobiosites.
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Dieter Rehder
Bioinorganic Chemistry starts with an introduction. The text then moves on to look at bio-elements in the periodic table, the alkaline and alkaline earth metals. The next chapter looks at iron. Chapter 5 is about oxygen transport and the respiratory chain. There follow chapters on oxidoreductases based on iron, manganese, and copper; oxo-transfer proteins based on molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium; the sulfur cycle; and nitrogenase and nitrogen cycle enzymes. The text then moves on to examine the methane cycle and nickel enzymes, photosynthesis, the biochemistry of zinc, metal- and -metalloid-carbon bonds, and inorganics in medicine.
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Benjamin G. Davis and Antony J. Fairbanks
Carbohydrate Chemistry argues that carbohydrates are a vital part not only of metabolism, but are implicated as key coding molecules in a host of subtle biological events. The exploration of the role and the manipulation of this wonderful class of molecules is an exciting and ever-changing field. This text aims to remove some of the mystery that often surrounds carbohydrate chemistry, by highlighting and summarizing some of the central principles and ideas and by illustrating them with both classical and state-of-the-art examples.
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Mark T. Weller and Nigel A. Young
Characterisation Methods in Inorganic Chemistry uses a technique-based, problem-solving approach to show how analytical methods are used to characterize the structures and properties of inorganic compounds. Chapters include an examination of fundamental aspects of characterization methods in inorganic chemistry and diffraction methods and crystallography. Other topics include nuclear magnetic resonance, vibrational spectroscopy, electronic absorption and emission spectroscopy, and X-ray and photoelectron spectroscopy. The text also covers mass spectroscopy, chemical and thermal analysis techniques, magnetism, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Finally, the book considers example problems to illustrate the characterization of inorganic compounds using a combination of the techniques discussed in previous chapters.
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Chemical Aspects of Biosynthesis provides a straightforward introduction to the chemistry involved in the biosynthesis of natural products. The first chapter explains the connections between primary and secondary metabolites, outlines the chemistry mediated by the major enzyme cofactors, and describes the methods for the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways. The different classes of secondary metabolites are then discussed, with emphasis placed on the pharmacological and toxicological significance of the various compounds. The final chapter offers an insight into the ecological significance of a wide variety of natural products. Suggestions for further reading are provided.
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Mark J. Winter
Chemical Bonding starts off with a chapter on simple bonding schemes. The next chapter considers atomic structure. The third chapter looks at diatomic molecules. There is also a chapter on molecular geometry. The last two chapters cover hybrid orbital bonding and the molecular orbital approach and polyatomic molecules.
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Richard R Wayne
Chemical Instrumentation introduces chemists to some of the building blocks and devices that make up the most important instruments used in industry and research. Instrumentation, often of a highly sophisticated kind, lies behind many of the most interesting aspects of contemporary chemistry. Some techniques—such as NMR—owe their existence to electronic instrumentation; others have been made simpler, more reliable, and more precise. Yet undergraduates reading chemistry often have only the most rudimentary understanding to be performed. Simple measuring devices are discussed before the introduction of the constituent elements of more complex devices, and emphasis is given to the enhancement of signal-to-noise ratios, which often lies at the heart of some of the most demanding measurements in the chemical sciences.
