This chapter talks about essential elements which are derived from the s-, p-, and d-blocks and analyses the different general functions of each block. It discusses the vital role played by elements other than carbon for specific functions and emphasizes a fine balance between a deficiency, an excess intake, and a short range of daily intake that is essential and optimal. It also outlines the importance of organic compounds in the functioning of the human body. It mentions elements that have become of marked clinical value. The chapter analyses highly toxic elements, such as soft cations that bind sulfur ligands and S-containing amino acids. It points out that all toxic elements are chemically similar to an essential element.
Chapter
The important elements in biology
Chapter
Bio-transition metal chemistry
This chapter examines the functions of metals in biology which are generally classified into two major groups: metalloproteins and metalloenzymes. Metalloproteins are sub-divided into transport and storage functions, while metalloenzymes are non-protein systems that are involved in photo-redox activity. It also discusses proteins that consist of one or more polypeptide chains, which are comprised of amino acids that are usually connected by a peptide bond. The chapter refers to metalloproteins that incorporate one or more metal atoms as a normal part of the tertiary structure of the protein. It also describes metalloenzymes, which are applied to systems that require the participation of metal ions at the active site to function.
